Biocatalysis is the use of natural substances to speed up chemical reactions, such as enzymes from biological sources or complete cells. Enzymes play a critical role in hundreds of events, including the production of alcohols from fermentation and the formation of cheese from the breakdown of milk proteins. In many aspects, biocatalytic processes are comparable to conventional processes, and the most important considerations for both single and multistep reactions are reaction kinetics and stability. Biocatalysis begins with the identification of the target reaction, followed by biocatalyst discovery, characterization, engineering, and process modelling.
Biotransformation is the chemical modification (or modifications) of a chemical compound by an organism. The biotransformation is called mineralization when the change results in mineral molecules such as CO2, NH4+, or H2O. Chemical changes in the body, such as nutrients, amino acids, toxins, and medications, are referred to as biotransformation.
- Biocatalytic hydrogenation-type reactions
- Synthetic biology
- Synthetic organic chemistry
- Biocatalytic cascade reactions
- Metabolites and drug metabolizing enzymes
- Bioactivation and safety
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